Away by Michael Gow - 857 Words

Michael Gow’s play Away is the story of three different Australian families who go on holiday for Christmas in the sixties. By going away each family is hoping to resolve their issues. Although Away is set some time ago the themes and issues explored in the play are still relevant to a modern day audience, even one of a non-Australian background. Shakespearean plays that were written many hundreds of years ago and are still understandable and relevant to people all over the world today. Away is the story of three Australian families who go on holiday during the Christmas of 1968. Roy and Coral (the headmaster and his wife) are becoming increasingly close to breaking up. Their son was killed in the Vietnam War and Coral is still†¦show more content†¦Meg replies that she couldn’t help herself. I know how she feels. You don’t mean to hurt the person or upset them but you just have to have your say, no matter what the consequences of that may be. I also feel that I can relate to Gwen, Meg’s mother as she reminds me of my own mum. The near constant stressing about everything, and wanting the very best for her daughter is very familiar. The issue of death is also covered in Away. Roy and Coral lost a son in the Vietnam was and Coral is still grieving for him. While Harry and Vic know that there son Tom is going to die from leukaemia. People all over the world, no matter what language they speak, what culture they come from, or which country they live in can understand and empathise with what these families may be feeling. The sense of loss and grief that comes with death is a universal feeling that can make the play relevant to so manyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Away By Michael Gow925 Words   |  4 PagesIn Michael Gow’s play ‘Away’, a story of families in the 1960’s and how they come to embrace each other’s differences through gaining self-knowledge. Through identifying the context of act 3 scene 2, as well as the relationships between characters and the reasons behind them, as well as the stylistic devices used by Gow to share a message with his audiences that, even today, an au dience can relate too. By analysing quotes from the scene to support conclusions, the purpose of this scene will be identifiedRead MoreAnalysis Of Away By Michael Gow751 Words   |  4 PagesAWAY Michael Gow â€Å"Away† is a play written in 1988 by Michael Gow. Away refers to the central ideas of Australia in 1967-68. The central ideas embrace the outsiders, family conflicts and grief and loss which affected families in the play. Gow uses three main families to convey the message of the play. The use of language and stylistic devices influence the way Gow has been able to speak to the modern Australian audience. In the play â€Å"Away† Gow is able to speak to the modern Australian audience withRead MoreAway Michael Gow Analysis808 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-discoveries can affirm or challenge an individual’s previously held attitude through acceptance contributing to a change in perception of self and the world. This notion is explored in Michael Gow’s play â€Å"Away† where three fractured families go on transformative holiday as they experience discoveries about themselves and others. Self-discovery of a certain individual can stimulate modification f or others’ perception and lead them to a more prominent discovery. Similarly, the poem: â€Å"the core†Read MoreAnalysis Of Away By Michael Gow883 Words   |  4 PagesAway is a play written by Michael Gow in 1986. It took him three weeks to write and it had little editing, as there was no complex writing involved. Gow admired Shakespeare’s refusal to be literal and so this was adapted into his play. ‘Despite its historical setting, Away is still able to speak to modern Australian audiences.’ This statement holds a lot of truth, as the play shows family conflict in three separate families, grief and loss in two different stages and people who are seen as differentRead MoreEssay about Away by Michael Gow1387 Words   |  6 PagesAway Set in the Australian summer of 1967, Michael Gow’s Away is an elaborate play which explores the ideas of self- discovery and change. Through the war affected nation, three families, each from different social classes, depart on an iconic Australian holiday to the beach. In the play, Gow utilises the characters to demonstrate that going away physically is intrinsically linked to their mental developments. With the help of references to Shakespeare’s A Midsummer night’s Dream, Away uses GwenRead MoreDiscovery Essay on Away Michael Gow923 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"To discover is to gain sight or knowledge of something.† How have ideas about discovery been shown in Away and The Book Thief Discovery allows main characters to gain sight or knowledge into themselves and others. This is evident in Michael Gow’s Away, as seen through the characters of Gwen, Coral and Tom. The three gain sight and knowledge into theirRead MoreAway by Michael Gow Character Analysis Essay2386 Words   |  10 Pagesis supported by her husband Roy, but Roy is not the best supporter at times. Coral is quiet and hasn’t built many strong relationships with others as others are trying to with her ‘Did you enjoy the play? [Coral stares at her for a moment then looks away’.] Roy: Roy is the principal at Meg and Tom’s school. He is a very well-spoken man who seems to be quite successful. â€Å"So what do you think of our little Chips Rafferties, eh? Proud mums and dads?† He’s married to his wife Coral who is a very mysteriousRead MoreAway by Michael Gow: Character Analysis Essay examples684 Words   |  3 Pagesattitude and this causes Coral to lower herself to the behavior of a naà ¯ve child â€Å"I’ll be good! I’ll improve!† When Coral does begin to speak, it is presented as very expressive and mournful. Her tone is filled with emotion as she is constantly â€Å"wiping away tears†. Coral finally begins to socialize, with a woman named Leonie. She seems instigated by the fact that Leonie (the woman) appeared to be hiding something. Leonie (like Roy) attempts to conceal her distress with a social disguise. Whilst dismissingRead Moreessay on preliminary topic journey847 Words   |  4 Pagesfound. Through Michael Gow’s ‘Away’ and ‘The Blind Side’ produced by John Lee Hancock, applications of both dramatic and film techniques allow the responder to see the direct impacts a journey puts on the traveller, either physically, emotionally or spiritually. We see this through bald transformations in the characters of both texts when they part take on a physical travel that takes them on an internal journey to discover a renewed inner purpose. In Michael Gow’s play â€Å"Away† Coral’s, physicalRead MoreBelonging Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesare clear divisions in him not belonging. The related texts reviewed include ‘The Arrival’ (Shaun Tan, 2006) graphic novel which illustrates a visual story of an immigrant who leaves home to create a better life for his family and the play ‘Away’ (Michael Gow, 1993). Thus it may be ascertained, that belonging defines who we are. In the poem of ‘Feliks Skrzyneckis’ Peter Skrzynecki explores filial relationships. This issue is highlighted between Feliks and Peter Skrzynecki, a cultural barrier

The Expansion Of The United States - 1075 Words

The belief of the Manifest Destiny, that caused the westward expansion and led to many wars between all different types of people and the different countries that used the land. The expansion allowed for the lifespan to increase, the economy blossomed, and the main goal was accomplished which was getting occupation of America from ocean coast to ocean coast. In the early 1800s the United States started their goal of the westward expansion. The idea of Manifest Destiny helped Americans to advance their civilization all the way to the opposite ocean being the Pacific Ocean, and even try getting down in Mexico and other parts of Central America. But, with the fast developing economy, America started to look to other countries for new exchange and goods. Also with the growing of the U.S. navy, the United States started to join in a race for foreign exchange. The United States was able to open exchange markets with profitable sources for example the Chinese. Starting in the 1830s, the United States selected the popular belief of Manifest Destiny. They considered that they had a mission from God to extend their power and civilization all across the continent. The United States continued to expand westward, hoping to protect themselves from other countries influences, but at the same time trying to gain territories like New Mexico and California. When their economy started to increase, the United States started to look toward foreign countries to accomplish their needs ofShow MoreRelatedThe Expansion Of The United States1638 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolve colonizing land, buying it, or even going to war over it. The Unites States started off in 1607 when Englishmen colonized and founded Jamestown, Virginia while the Indian people lived in the land . In 1803 President Jefferson acted beyond the constitution and made the Louisiana Purchase wh ich doubled the United States in size, because he did not want the French people in North America . The expansion of the United States continued throughout the years . In 1846 war started with Mexico, since MexicoRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1200 Words   |  5 Pages The progress of expansion in the United States is one filled with complicated, complex, and irrational decisions. Geographically, North America changed dramatically by having the landmass grow, through discovery, by at least doubling what it was before. The European discovery of North America, the Mississippian shatter zone, Louisiana Purchase, and the Mexican-American war are all historical events that changed the path and future of America dramatically, through the making of controversial decisionsRead MoreExpansion Of The United States1761 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States expanded territorially in many different ways. One of the main ways was war, also purchasing land or just taking land, as th ey did to the Indians. There were many points of view on expanding territorially and many reasons why or why not the United States should expand. The ideas of manifest destiny, imperialism, social darwinism, and the fear that if the United States didn’t join in and try to acquire land then there would be no land left for them. They would be inferior to otherRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1078 Words   |  5 Pages The expansion of the United States into the territory west of the Mississippi River began with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the nation with a great deal of $15 million from France. While, American development was influenced by westward expansion, the purchasing of more land created controversy. Many disagreed with the idea of expanding and taking over land because Indians who already occupied the land wasn’t included in the agreement that was made and theRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States840 Words   |  4 PagesSimilar to the oppressive structure of the United States, which favors residents of a higher socioeconomic status, and favors the dominant culture while oppressing minorities (primarily poor blacks and Hispanics), Jerusalem’s structure is oppressive to Palestinians. Yes, Jerusalem’s growth politics are concerned (partially) with economics, but the driving force here is maintaining and expanding Jewish cont rol through claim of space, and by oppressing Palestinians through displacement. When buildingRead MoreExpansion Of The United States1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America is a flawless name for the country. It is afterward all countless states united. But to have states you have to have earth for those states. Before those stats come to be earth they have to be a frontier, or as described by Webster’s Dictionary, â€Å"A span that forms the margin of stayed or industrialized territory.† American past has been in a colossal degree Tethe past of the settlement of the Outstanding West. Expansion of the United States can be drew from the earlyRead MoreExpansion Of The United States1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America is a flawless name for the country. It is afterward all countless states united. But to have states you have to have earth for those states. Before those stats come to be earth they have to be a frontier, or as described by Webster’s Dictionary, â€Å"A span that forms the margin of stayed or industrialized territory.† American past has been in a colossal degree Tethe past of the settlement of the Outstanding West. Expansion of the United States can be drew from the earlyRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States Essay1918 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States in 1973 had spent the past two decades in the largest economic boom of world history. The rapid growth of industry and expansion of the automobile industry that characterized this time period led the U.S. to comprise a staggering 30% of the world’s total energy consumption, the chief source of which was oil. However, the U.S. only contained 6% of the world’s known oil reserves, so there was no way it could meet it’s own demands through domestic production alone. This created a hugeRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1246 Words   |  5 PagesFor states all through the nation in the not so distant future, there s a typical topic: an atmosphere of instability coupled with a feeling of veritable open door. In the midst of stresses over the national government s disappointment to help financing for framework, n umerous states are making moves to create that subsidizing all alone. Congress appears to have stalled—once more in its endeavors to change the movement framework, however states are sanctioning bills intended to give new rightsRead MoreThe Westward Expansion Of The United States960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Westward expansion began for the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. For $15 million dollars, President Thomas Jefferson purchased from France 828,000 square miles, including most of 14 current states, thus doubling the size of America. Jefferson now had the land, but how to populate it was another story. On a three year expedition, Lewis and Clark were sent by Jefferson to explore the lands to get a better understanding of the geography and resources of the West. During the 1830s

Nirma Case free essay sample

Playing by the wisdom of the popular maxim – ‘the product should be available within an arm’s length of the desire’, Patel recruited local housewives to sell his product. Once the product started garnering name and sales, he started to look to expanding his distribution network. The product’s sales were steadily climbing and soon the Nirma brand was selling everywhere in Gujarat, in little shops round street corners and even in the remotest villages. Soon, the Nirma brand came to be well accepted in Gujarat and neighboring parts of Maharashtra. Patel, meanwhile began diligently cultivating the low-to-medium consumer pockets – a whole new consumer segment for detergent category. It was a massive market segment that was starving for a good-quality detergent at an affordable price. Gradually, Nirma began to spread its footprint from the neighboring markets to more deeper recesses of the domestic market. Its handmade detergent packets had a price tag of Rs. 3 per kg, which was one-third of the lowest priced popular detergents then. Eventually, this strategy helped him to make a fortune from the volumes. For hardscrabbled homemakers struggling to balance their monthly budgets, the product was a boon. At the time, detergent and soap markets were dominated by multinational corporations with products like Surf by Hindustan Lever (now Hindustan Unilever). They were priced above Rs. 13 per kg, which was out of the reach of the majority of middle class homemakers. Seizing the opportunity, Patel kept his margins very low, and was happy to get anything between three and five percent, a strategy that helped him conquer a big share of the detergent market. In less than ten years, Nirma became the top selling detergent in India. Nirma came in the market when brand energy was missing and it did wonders in the bottom segment of the market, on the simple philosophy of giving value products at an affordable price,† says Harish Bijoor, CEO, HarishBijoor Consults. When Nirma washing powder was making a name for itself in the low-income market, HLL reacted in a way typical of many multinational companies. Senior executives were dismissive of the new product: â€Å"That is not our market. We need not be concerned. † Nirma’s marketing strategy at the time was to target its products at non-users of Surf. This way, it was able to avoid the attention of HLL while continuing to grow at a frenetic pace. By the mid Eighties, Nirma moved ahead of Surf to capture a large market share. When finally HLL executives were jolted into action to take a closer look at the low-income market, Nirma washing powder had become one of the most popular household detergents in many parts of the country. The achievement was all the more special for the company’s founder who had once said: â€Å"Nirma is not merely a brand or a product, it is a dynamic phenomenon, a revolution, a philosophy. The release of Nirma’s jingle on television in 1982 stoked the brand’s appeal even more. The simple and catchy jingle – ‘Dudhsisafedi Nirma se aye, rangeenkapdabhikhilkhiljaye’ was first aired on radio in 1975, and was broadcast on television in 1982. SumantoChattopadhyay, Executive Creative Director, South Asia, Oamp;M, says: â€Å"When it first came, Nirma shook its competitor s and the Nirma girl stole every housewife’s heart. † To this day and through the decades, the Nirma jingle has continued to echo in the drawing rooms of middle-class Indian homes. While the jingle stresses on the product, it also salutes the savvy and budget-conscious Indian housewife. Taken aback by the growing popularity of the Nirma brand, HLL was forced to come up with its campaign. The ad for its Surf detergent portrayed a smart housewife ‘Lalithaji’ telling the audience that good quality comes with a good price. HLL also launched its own mass brands (Wheel, in the detergent category), which led to price wars in the category. But by then the Nirma brand was firmly entrenched in the consumer psyche. In 1990, Nirma entered the Indian toilet soaps market with its Nirma Beauty soap. Later, by mid-Nineties, Nirma had successfully extended its brand to other product categories like premium detergents (Nirma Super Washing Powder and Detergent Cake) and premium toilet soaps (Nirma Premium, Nima Sandal, Nirma Lime Fresh, etc. ). All this while it followed its original marketing and pricing strategies in the economy as well as in the premium segment, believing in value-for-money proposition and in creating and maintaining long-lasting relationships. â€Å"Nirma has always remained committed to offer better products, at better value, for better living,† says Vijay Uppal, brand consultant and Director Upfront Advertising. By 1999, the company had become the largest detergent and the second-largest soap manufacturer in India. It had more than 38% market share in the detergent segment and around 20% market share in the toilet soap segment. Though way behind HLL’s share of 65% in the toilet soap segment, Nirma’s performance was remarkable as compared to Godrej, which had a share of 8%. With a thrust on new launches, sales promotion and distribution efforts, Nirma showed extreme consistency in not just maintaining its growth but also capturing greater market share. In 2000, the company entered the hair care market with Nirma Shikakai, Nirma Beauty Shampoo, and Nirma Toothpaste. In order to step up its foray in the toilet soap segment, Nirma rolled out innovative marketing strategies. Unlike detergents, soaps are a personal-care product and many customers develop deep psychological bonds with their soap brands. Also, the market was segmented by HLL by price, by scent appeal, and by brand personality. So, Nirma positioned Nirma Bath against Lifebuoy, Nirma Beauty Soap against Lux, Nima Rose against Breeze, and Nima Lime against Jai Lime. Taking a leaf out of HLL’s playbook, which had launched Wheel to counter and check the growth of Nirma detergent cake and powder, the company went into manufacturing high-fatty-matter soaps with the right scents, pricing them much lower than other brands. This way, Nirma effectively engineered the creation of the ‘sub-premium’ segment in toilet soaps. In order to boost its soap sales, Nirma also took to strengthening its retailer network, passing on the cost benefits from its products to retailers. It gave them huge margins. For instance, for Nirma premium soap, it offered 52% and for Nirma shampoo, it offered an unbelievable margin of 140%. It also removed the intermediaries to save cost of distribution. As a result the product went directly to the retailer from the factory. In 2000, Nirma acquired Kisan Industries at Moriya, Gujarat, to improve its packaging as well to save on packaging cost. The company also adopted backward integration strategy for the regular supply of raw materials, 90% of which it manufactured in-house. It also gave due importance to the modernization, expansion and upgradation of the production facilities. The company also made sure that it made use of the latest technology and infrastructure. However, at the time analysts felt that it would be tough for Nirma to break into the premium soap segment because of its brand image, which was anchored on the premise of â€Å"paisa vasool†. According to a market survey then Nirma was considered to be a cheap brand. Also, the advertising spend of the company was very low, as compared to the other FMCG competitors. Nirma spent only 1. 25-2% of its turnover on advertising as compared to the normal industry spends of 6-10%. To shed its downmarket image, Nirma released corporate advertisements worth Rs. 10 billion in the late Nineties, throughout India. Though Nirma was better known as a producer of low-cost economy range of products, it was successful in the middle- and up-market segments as well. But at the same time, competition was also increasing. While HLL continued to be a major competition, Pamp;G and Henkel SPIC also adopted aggressive measures. Players from unorganized sector were also adding to the competition in the detergents and washing powder industry. The company, until a few years back, was the second-largest player in the 11,000-crore detergents business, but has now been overshadowed by HUL and Pamp;G. Even in the soaps category, Nirma has been losing market share to players such as ITC, Godrej Consumer Products and Reckitt Benckiser. With both Pamp;G and HUL as well as homegrown firms like Godrej and ITC getting aggressive in terms of marketing and new product launches, Nirma will have to innovate in the product categories it is present in and also tinker with its pricing. Companies in the detergents and soaps categories, both multinationals as well as local players, have built their strategies around viability, affordability and visibility; Nirma’s focus has largely been on affordability. Can Nirma, with its cost-focused model, regain its lost heights and become successful again in the long run? Not unless it accepts that a common man ad that worked wonders a few back would simply be seen as rigmarole tacky in modern times – for even to tell a consumer that one is the best value for money proposition in the market, one needs snazzy ads Now the question is, will they accept this reality?

The enactment of laws restricting panhandling will benefit the safety of all concerned

One of the major problems of Hillsborough County is safety on the major roads. Many cities have already banned panhandling and others are only about to do this. It goes without saying that panhandlers distract drivers’ attention which often leads to various accidents on the roads.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The enactment of laws restricting panhandling will benefit the safety of all concerned specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many panhandlers and drivers get injuries or even die during such accidents. Admittedly, the ban will improve situation on the roads. However, many people are preoccupied with the negative outcomes of the ban claiming that it will deprive many homeless or simply not well-to-do people of getting money for living. More so, many people argue that criminalization of panhandlers may lead to numerous negative outcomes like overpopulation of jails, worsening of economical situat ion in the area. Thus, the panhandling ban should be accompanied by certain measures aimed at helping homeless people or people in need. It is necessary to point out that there are many organizations which carry out programs aimed at helping people in need, so many effective tools of solving such problems do exist. In such a case the enactment of laws restricting panhandling will benefit the safety of all concerned. Admittedly, medians and intersections are dangerous for panhandlers, so panhandling for hours each day is a dangerous activity. In the first place, panhandlers might get sick or dehydrate because of the sun exposure. Apart from this, such activity is dangerous for panhandlers since it often lead to serious injuries. For instance, the panhandler may be injured during the exchange by a jutting wing mirror. Moreover, drivers often distract from the road when giving money to panhandlers. This leads to numerous accidents involving panhandlers and other pedestrians. Besides, p anhandlers often behave in a careless manner which can cause accidents and even fatalities. For instance, when panhandlers see a driver who is going to give money, they often stop paying attention to what is happening on the road. These panhandlers may be run over (or hit) by another car. They can also cause accident involving other pedestrians and drivers. Statistic data prove that the majority of fatalities on the road occur because of the lack of attention of both drivers and panhandlers. For instance, in 2008 72% of fatalities occurred in urban areas, 89% of such fatalities occurred in normal weather conditions (Traffic Safety Facts 1). Admittedly, the urban areas are dangerous because of the busy traffic. Drivers and panhandlers need to be very attentive to move safely. Thus, busy roads cannot be an appropriate place for panhandling. Unfortunately, the number of traffic fatalities is still significant. For instance, in 2009 2,558 traffic fatalities were documented in Florida in Florida (Pedestrian Crash Facts). Such data justify the ban against panhandling at least on the busiest roads of cities. Undoubtedly, this will decrease the number of pedestrian fatalities.Advertising Looking for research paper on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from panhandlers’ safety concerns, it is necessary to point out that panhandling is dangerous for drivers as well. Stopping and slowing down to give money may cause a rear end collision and other accidents. Besides, panhandling may lead to very serious accidents involving lots of victims. Apparently, the panhandler due to their careless behavior on the road may cause crashing of several cars which potentially can lead to tens of victims. Moreover, many drivers get irritated when they see panhandlers. The drivers often â€Å"feel uncomfortable sitting in traffic while there is someone† who is â€Å"holding up a sign and asking for money † (Decamp). Admittedly, distraction due to fear or anger may increase drivers’ errors which cause numerous accidents. It is necessary to add that many people support the ban. For instance, according to the St. Petersburg Times 65% are the ban’s supporters (Decamp). This may mean that at least 65% of people in the county (mainly drivers) see the threat in panhandling, i.e. their attention is distracted by panhandlers, which may lead to accidents on the road. Police also claims that it is â€Å"dangerous to have people walking in and out of traffic at busy intersections† (Danielson). The opponents of the ban argue that it will make those panhandlers move to the neighborhood, or it will make poor people even poorer. However, the majority of drivers would state that it is not appropriate to try to solve some social problems at the expense of safety on the road, i.e. at the expense of people’s lives. For instance, according to the St. Petersburg Times th e majority of officials â€Å"concluded panhandling was mainly a public safety issue warranting that warrants stricter limits† (Danielson). Thus, there is hope that soon panhandling ban will be a norm for Hillsborough County of the country. There is a good solution for the issue: in addition to restricting panhandling the government should provide assistance for homeless people. Some people may argue that there is no need in inventing some measures since criminalization of homeless will be enough. Nevertheless, this can lead to additional expenditures on jails which are already overpopulated in many states. However, it is possible to reduce jail costs by carrying out various measures aimed at reducing the number of homeless in the streets. In the first place, it is important to understand that criminalization of homeless (and those who have to panhandle) is â€Å"legally problematic† (Erlenbusch et al. 16). Besides, it is much more difficult to get a job or obtain hous ing for people who spent some time in a jail or under arrest. More so, criminalization of homeless is â€Å"an inefficient allocation of resources† (Erlenbusch et al. 16). For instance, in 2004 a special survey was conducted by the Lewin Group, which reported that â€Å"jail costs were two to three times higher than permanent supportive housing or shelter costs† (Breakey 19). Such data call for certain actions. Such measures as permanent supportive housing and emergency shelters are the best solutions to remove homeless from the streets and roads.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The enactment of laws restricting panhandling will benefit the safety of all concerned specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, the panhandling ban should be accompanied by the increase of funding to such organizations as the Homeless Coalition for Hillsborough County, Inc. Government, each city officials and charity organizations should provide funds to non-governmental agencies to assist in their helping those in need. It is essential to set up shelters for homes in the same way that they provide health insurance for the needy. Another effective measure to help increase the number of homeless in the streets and on the roads is to distribute lists of organizations that can and are willing to help. Such information should be available for everyone. Fortunately, there are quite many organizations which provide assistance to people who really need it. For instance, Homeless Coalition of Hillsborough County is helping people to start a new life. They create emergency shelters, hold various trainings to help people to find a job, cooperate with different organizations to assist homeless people. Another organization which can be a good example of carrying out effective campaigns and projects is Hillsborough Organization for Progress and Equality. This organization is preoccupied with assisting to im prove people’s quality of life. The organization is concerned with such issues as health care, housing and even education. Thus, there are many ways of encouraging people in need to find the way out without endangering one’s own life on the road while panhandling. Finally, the law restricting panhandling would give the police the right and responsibility to help and encourage these people to obtain solutions in a socially acceptable manner. In conclusion, it is possible to state that the panhandling restricting laws and effective measures aimed at decreasing the number of homeless people in the streets and on the road will lead to safety on the road of all concerned. The ban will save panhandlers from the difficult choice whether they need to risk their lives on the road or not. The people will understand that it is not the solution and address organizations which can really assist them. Thus, there is no need in wasting time in lasting debates and discussion whether t he panhandling ban should be enacted or not. It is necessary to make such restricting laws a norm for all the states and focus on measures aimed at improving social and economic issues. Works Cited Breakey, William., Casino, J. B., Tsaganos, Vasiliki and, Allen, Michael. â€Å"Homes Not Handcuffs: The Criminalization of Homelessness in U.S. Cities.† The National Law Center on Homelessness Poverty and The National Coalition for the Homeless. July. 2009. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Danielson, Richard. â€Å"Panhandling Ban Rejected.† News Bank Access World News. St. Petersburg Times. 4 Feb. 2011. Web. Decamp, David. â€Å"Panhandling Ban Supported.† News Bank Access World News. St. Petersburg Times. 31 Dec: 10-12. 2010. Web. Erlenbusch, Bob., Parvensky, John and, Anderson, Barbara. â€Å"A Dream Denied: The Criminalization of Homelessness in U.S. Cities .†The National Coalition for the Homeless and The National Law Center on Homelessness Poverty. Jan. 2006. Web. â€Å"Pedestrian Crash Facts.† Walkinginfo.org. N. p., n. d Web. â€Å"Traffic Safety Facts.† Walkinginfo.org., 2008 Web. This research paper on The enactment of laws restricting panhandling will benefit the safety of all concerned was written and submitted by user Amber K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

IMF essays

IMF essays The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was created to promote international monetary cooperation; to facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade; to promote exchange stability; to assist in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments; to make its general resources temporarily available to its members experiencing balance of payments difficulties under adequate safeguards; and to shorten the duration and lessen the degree of lack of equilibrium in the international balances of payments of members. On December 27, 1945, the IMF was established at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, held at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. At its birth, it was to oversee stability in international monetary affairs and to facilitate the expansion of world trade. Also created to aid these purposes was the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank). Both were specialized agencies of the United Nations, and membership in the World Bank required countries to first be members of the IMF. The World Bank was given control over long-term financing for nations in need, while the IMFs responsibility was to monitor exchange rates, provide short-term financing for balance of payments adjustments, provide a forum for discussion about international monetary concerns, and give technical assistance to member countries. The Fund's legal authority is based on an international treaty called the Articles of Agreement that came into force in December 1945. The first Article in the Agreement outlines the purposes of the Fund and, although the Articles have been amended three times in the course of the last 47 years prior to 1998, the first Article has never been altered. The beginning of the IMF can be traced to March 1st 1947 where it first began its financial operations. Between 1947 and 1948 drawings were made on fund reserves by eleven countries an ...

3 Parts of a Nucleotide and How They Are Connected

3 Parts of a Nucleotide and How They Are Connected Nucleotides are the building blocks of the DNA and RNA used as genetic material. Nucleotides also are used for cell signaling and to transport energy throughout cells. You may be asked to name the three parts of a nucleotide and explain how they are connected or bonded to each other. Heres the answer for both DNA and RNA. Nucleotides in DNA and RNA Both deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are made up of nucleotides which consist of three parts: Nitrogenous BasePurines and pyrimidines are the two categories of nitrogenous bases. Adenine and guanine are purines. Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines. In DNA, the bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). In RNA, the bases are adenine, thymine, uracil, and cytosine,Pentose SugarIn DNA, the sugar is 2-deoxyribose. In RNA, the sugar is ribose. Both ribose and deoxyribose are 5-csrbon sugars. The carbons are numbered sequentially, to help keep track of where groups are attached. The only difference between them is that 2-deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom attached to the second carbon.Phosphate GroupA single phosphate group is PO43-. The phosphorus atom is the central atom. One atom of oxygen is connected to the 5-carbon in the sugar and to the phosphorus atom. When phosphate groups link together to form chains, as in ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the link looks like O-P-O-P-O-P-O, with two additional oxygen atom attached to each phosphorus, one on either side of the atom. ​Although DNA and RNA share some similarities, they are built from slightly different sugars, plus there is a base substitution between them. DNA uses thymine (T), while RNA uses uracil (U). Both thymine and uracil bind to adenine (A). How Are the Parts of a Nucleotide Connected or Attached? The base is attached to the primary or first carbon. The number 5 carbon of the sugar is bonded to the phosphate group. A free nucleotide may have one, two, or three phosphate groups attached as a chain to the 5-carbon of the sugar. When nucleotides connect to form DNA or RNA, the phosphate of one nucleotide attaches via a phosphodiester bond to the 3-carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone of the nucleic acid.

Home Automation Lightning Motion Sensor and Zigbee Wireless Essay

Home Automation Lightning Motion Sensor and Zigbee Wireless - Essay Example Most presence detectors have an inbuilt light sensor (lux) that will turn off the lights if there is sufficient natural light. Regulating lights with a presence detector may save up to 65% of the total cost spent on lighting energy (CP Electronics, 2013). How the system works Presence detectors also known as PIR (Passive Infra-Red) work on a principle similar to that applied in motion detectors. These devices log the thermal radiations of their environments or area under detection. When thermal radiation in the area is detected, for example, in the case of a person coming close to the sensor, the detector will convert these vibrations into measurable electrical signals which will then turn on the lights. Presence detectors utilised in controlling lighting assist in the continuous adjustment of the output of faint lighting systems. This functionality facilitates management of energy saves costs over the conventional switching systems. Presence detectors provide an automatic hands-off lighting system that combines user comfort with an optimum energy consumption (Theben, 2011). Belkin's new device called WeMo makes home automation simpler. According to the company manufacturers, the device allows the user to control home-entertainment and other applications using iOS devices. Belkin's WeMo system incorporates a number of devices that are linked to the users Wi-Fi network. The system can then be managed by an iPad app or WeMo iPhone. Unlike other home automation systems, WeMo is entirely modular, and the user can add more nodes to increase its effectiveness (Linked in, 2013). How WeMo works The WeMo Switch and WeMo Motion are the present WeMo devices that exist today. The WeMo Switch is plugged into a wall outlet and serves as a remote-controlled socket that turns connected devices on or off according to the user’s command. The WeMo Motion device is also plugged into a wall socket, and has a 6-foot power cord which links to a motion sensor. Both the WeMo Mot ion and WeMo Switch are linked to the wireless network of the user, and the WeMo iOS app detects these components automatically. Various home appliances can be connected by plugging them into the WeMo Switch. The appliances connected to the WeMo Switch can then be turned on or off using iOS app available in the system. Therefore, the WeMo Switch allows the user to check if certain household appliances have been turned off in order to avoid the requirement of running an entire home check. The WeMo Switches have power buttons that replace the switch on the wall socket. WeMo Switch Setup The WeMo is not available officially, but its setup is a breeze. Once turned on, the isolated WeMo device creates a wireless network named as WeMo-XXX, where XXX is the device’s ID number. The next step involves connecting the iPad or iPhone to the network, and a free WeMo app is initiated. The WeMo app will then detect the primary Wi-Fi network and pull the required data configuration automatic ally. The WeMo app will also ask for a Wi-Fi password to ensure the user’s network is secured. The device collects additional configuration information necessary for its operations and then links to the wireless network. In addition to the ability to remotely switch domestic devices on and off, the principal selling point of the WeMo system is its simplicity of deployment. The WeMo Switch will also come at an affordable cost of about $50, according to the company reports (Honeywell, 2013).  

Indonesian Position Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Indonesian Position Report - Essay Example The RC/RC Climate Centre and the global amalgamation of the Red Cross/Red Crescent (IFRC) distinguish this conference as an imperative venture to champion the government and other stakeholders about the significance in addressing the detrimental effects of climate change on the defencelessness of the people around the world, precisely in embryonic countries and what necessitates, to be the global adaptation support strategy. Duval-Smith, Alex. (2005). Ecological anomalies are frequently pointed out as a prominent example of issues transcending national borders which relatively demands international and political coordination. 1This prompts environmental consciousness that should be integrated within the social fabric of the society in mobilizing relentless for environmental conservations stipulated by the UNFCCC. Besides this enormous outcry, latest surge on globalization has still been centred on national issues where national actors or institutions have been targeted. Indonesian government has vowed to support the composite projecting by pumping in $10 million that is issued in three trances. The scientific assistance is evident throughout these phases. This monetary juncture will support the GEF's objective in plummeting the risks of climate transformation by avoiding imperative methane gas production from the decomposition of organic dissipate in landfills and the consequential emission of greenhouse gas. These remunerations will be achieved by transforming the organic division of the solid waste torrent to agricultural manure, rather than trucking it to and discarding it in landfills. Tonne for tonne, a 20- fold decrease in GHG emissions can be achieved if the organic wastes are degraded aerobically. Rogers, Paul (2004). The Background of the UNFCC In the direction of the end of the second last decade of the last century, World Meteorological organisation (WMO) and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) time-honoured the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change, as a reply to growing scientific and well structured methodological concerns on climate change. Climatic anomaly was first discovered in 1990 by the IPCC's first report, it nevertheless, emphasised that human actions probably played a causative role, noticeably adding to the natural process already taking place. The fourth Analysis was produced in this years June report; the report outlined that it's now unequivocal that the climatic changes are on a rampage and the probability of this happenings is blamed on the human activities. Myriad aspects of excessive whether all round the world are already shifting. United Nation in the early nineties organised for a conference on the Environment and Development (the Earth Summit). 2At this conference governments agreed on the Uni ted Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Convention was signed and later ratified by 192 countries and thus enjoys universal membership. These countries that had approved concurrently ratified the UNFCCC have since been convening as from 1995 under the umbrella of the Conference of parties (COP). Graced with the presence by all members; these meetings are the highest verdict-making influence of the conference. Penny, C (2005). They have been conduits that have been used to

Hear My Cry Essay Example for Free

Hear My Cry Essay Big Ma took Stacey, T. J. and Cassie to Strawberry to the market and also to take T. J. to the Barnetts Mercantile. While they were in the market field Cassie pointed out to Big Ma that they were all the way at the end of the field and no-one would be able to see them. The white peoples wagons were right at the front and if anyone wanted to come to the Logans wagon, by the time they got there they would have bunions on their soles and corns on their toes. Additionally in Strawberry, when Cassie was in the Barnetts Mercantile Mr Barnett was taking a long time to see to T. J. s list. He kept on going to help white people and then came back and didnt even put in another item when he started to help a little white girl. When Cassie saw this she became slightly angry and thought Mr. Barnett had forgotten about T. J. s list. Cassie went to tell Mr. Barnett of T. J. s list and tugged at his sleeve. He recoiled and told her to wait. Then she got even angrier and told him that he had taken ages for their turn. Thats when Mr Barnett screamed, Whose little nigger is this? Stacey dragged Cassie out of the store and told her to shush. Mr Barnett was not being fair to the children and was treating them horribly. Once Cassie was outside she accidently bumped into Lillian Jean. She didnt want to create a fuss so when Lillian Jean asked her to apologize she did. But Lillian Jean wanted more; so she ordered Cassie into the road. Of course Cassie wasnt going to do that. When Lillian Jean went to grab Cassies arm, Cassie pulled it back but someone caught it and held it tight so it hurt. This was Mr Simms. He shoved her into the road and Cassie fell on her bottom. He told her to listen to Lillian Jean when she asked Cassie to get in the road. He asked her to apologize and Cassie said she had. When Mr Simms jumped into the road Cassie got really scared and thought her would hit her but he didnt. Then she got up and ran to the wagon but somebody caught her, it was Big Ma. Then Big Ma told Cassie to apologize but Cassie still argued. Once again Big Ma told her and this time Cassie did. But Mr Simms demanded her to say Miz before his daughters name. And with a painful tear Cassie did. You can tell how upset she was because in the book it says; No day in all my life had been as cruel as this one. Lastly, in the final chapters T. J. had become friends with R. W. and Melvin. But the Simms boys used this to their advantage. They would laugh behind T. J. s back but not in front of him. Then one day they forced him to break into the Barnetts Mercantile and stole the pearl handle pistol. Also Mr and Mrs Barnett were left for dead. T. J. got all the blame and the Simms stood there watching when the Wallaces came for T. J. , T. J. got sent to jail and was to go to court while the Simms boys were left free. In conclusion, all white people had superiority over the black community. They didnt treat them with respect, except a few (example; Jeremy and Mr Jamison). Blacks had to call white people Miss or Mr. And white people made the law not blacks. They could hang a black for any reason, or no reason at all and no questions were asked. Black people were treated unfairly and unjustly. Saimah Sarwar 10a English GCSE Coursework Roll Of Thunder, Hear My Cry. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our  GCSE Mildred Taylor  section.

New World Travelers: Similar Themes But Different Purposes In Travel W

Travel writers or adventurers all write pieces that deal with the same premise: the discovery and experience of the New World. However, in their writing, it is evident that there is an ulterior motive in mind. These motives or purposes can be classified in two broad categories: to persuade people to come to the new world and to warn people of the dangers they may encounter in the new world. It is easy to explore these themes by paying particular attention a couple of notorious writers: Christopher Columbus, Bartolome De Las Casas, and John Smith. When reading pieces by writers involved in the exploration and settlement on the new world, it is important to keep in mind the audience they were targeting. These pieces were not published in America, but rather were transmitted in Europe, published and read by a widespread European audience. Additionally, these travelers were paid by the government to propagandize the new world and entice readers to want to visit or settle there. With that in place, it is easy to understand how a major purpose for travel writers would be to advertise the new world. Christopher Columbus's letters were considered one of the first reports of the New World. Columbus landed in the West Indies but thought that he was in India. He portrays his surroundings with a conquistador mentality, in that he says the people are savages, and he has taken command of them and they admire him greatly. In "Letter to Luis de Santagel Regarding the First Voyage", he talks about the richness and beauty of the New World using very descriptive imagery and planting the picture of natural abundance in the readers mind. He describes the land, the mountains, the terrain, the animals, birds, and people in such a mann... ... the Christian against the native. His writing reads as a preaching, making it seem like propaganda. Adventurers and travel writers all wrote works with differences in focus, theme and scope, but in the case of Smith, Columbus, and De Las Casas, the themes were similar, even if the purpose behind the argument was different. Works Cited Baym, Nina, ed. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2003. Columbus, Christopher. "Letter to Luis de Santangel Regarding the First Voyage (February 15, 1493)." Baym 34-36. Las Casas, Bartolome. "The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies." Baym 39-40. Smith, John. "A Description of New England." Baym 114-118. Smith, John. "The General history of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles." Baym 105-114.

An analyses on Mount Franklin Market Positioning Strategy Essay

1. Introduction Water is the fountain of all life and is a prime need of the body. Over 60 percent of our body weight is made up of water. In Australia, most people are drinking tapped water directly at home, but while traveling or eating out in restaurants, buying bottled water has become one of the most popular choices This need has been well explored by some beverage producers, both local and overseas. So today there are various brands of drinking water in Australian market. Among them, Mount Franklin’ (start from 1994) has become Australia’s favourite water brand and the most recognized. This paper focuses on studying Mount Franklin’s marketing positioning strategy by using perceptual mapping method, in order to analyse a successful brand in drinking water industry and provide recommendations for a new brand that would like to enter into this market. 2. Marketing concepts a. Market positioning Positioning can be defined as ‘†¦ the act of designing the company’s offering so that it occupies a meaningful and distinct position in the target customer’s mind.’(Jobber & Fahy, 2009) It is the final and fatal stage of the process of target marketing strategy which involves designing product features and image which are distinguishing from competitors in the existing market for the purpose of appealing to the specific target market segment. It is combined marketing strategies that result in how the organisation wants a product or brand to be perceived by the market. Positioning is directly related to brand values, market demographics and the image of the product in the marketplace. b. Perceptual mapping Perceptual mapping is a diagrammatic technique used by asset marketers that attempts to visually display the perceptions of customers or potential customers. 3. Brands introducing a. Mount Franklin Owned by Coca-Cola Amatil, Mount Franklin took the leading position in Australian bottle water market in past decade, and accounted for 20%  off-trade volume sales in 2012. According to Coca-Cola’s market research, Mount Franklin water has a 99 percent brand awareness and 43 percent of females aged 25-39 say that Mount Franklin is their favourite brand. b. Mount Franklin’s market positioning strategy Mount Franklin represents and promotes an overall sense of wellbeing. Young female model Jennifer Hawkins as brand celebrity which promotes the healthy and fresh image of its product. Make the brand closely associated to the community; to this end Mount Franklin has established the Drink Positive, Think Positive, campaign. Moreover, the brand has enhanced this connection through its community partnerships with the National Breast Cancer Foundation. Make consumers feel the purchase of Mount Franklin as helping themselves and the environment by changing the package to â€Å"the easy-crush bottle† which is good for the environment as well as being similar to that of the original product. The new 600ml Mount Franklin Easy-Crush Bottle is made with 35% less plastic and has a carbon footprint which is 27% lighter than the previous bottle. Be of support to Australian economy by consuming Mount Franklin water as the local brand. c. Other brands in Australian market Along with the number one bands, there are hundreds of other drinking water brands in Australian market. Although hardly close to Mount Franklin’s leading position, some of them are making rational market share, including Pump (another drinking water brands owned by Coca-Cola), Evian, NU Pure, Mount Lofty, Coles bottled water, Woolworth bottled water, etc. 4. A perceptual map of drinking water market in Australia A perceptual map could be in two dimensions or multiple dimensions, depending on the attributes taken into consideration when analysing a target market. a. Quality As a necessity of life, quality of water is most critical attribute when people choose a bottled water. ‘Mount Franklin’ spring water is collected locally and bottled daily. It is filtered three times via micro filters, to eliminate any tiny particles naturally found in spring water. This ensures that every bottle of ‘Mount Franklin’ is of exceptional purity and quality. b. Price Drinking water, as a commercial product, its price ranks secondly important. Usually, consumers will compare the price accessible in marketplace when purchasing a product. Mount Franklin’s prices vary from store to store. In CCA vending machines the price for a 600mL bottle is $3.00, which comparably higher. c. Accessibility It is about how easily consumers could purchase a target product and make an important role in fast moving consumer goods industry including drinking water. Mount Franklin is found widely in supermarkets, convenience stores, vending machines and other vendor services e.g. petrol stations and newsagents. d. Brand awareness Consumers are more likely to choose a well-known brand when the face more than one options. As mentioned before, Mount Franklin water has a 99 percent brand awareness in Australia. e. Design and packaging Stylish design in package may attract more attention, by printing Jennifer Hawkins’ image on light sparking water bottle wrap, it is thought to be fashionable by some young people to hold a bottle of that water. f. Perceptual Mapping Technically, it is hard to draw a perceptual map by taking all these attributes into consideration. Three of them will be demonstrated in the following diagram: g. Analyse on perceptual mapping Usually, brands with high awareness in public price higher on their products, meanwhile, high quality is required to maintain the positive image in consumers. As drinking product, consumers are more likely to make decisions rely on the brand awareness. Price is also an important attribute, so the products with reasonable price also make good sales. Big brands such as Coles and Woolworth can easily develop related ancillary products by using their brands influence. 5. Conclusion As a critical strategy, positioning plays a significant role in making market decisions. As an efficient tool, perceptual mapping provides marketer a visual indication of consumers’ perception of how a brand or a product compares with its competitors. An important point should be mentioned here, the position of a brand is moveable rather than fixed. (which related another marketing process i.e. repositioning) By examining the positions regularly of their own and competitors, marketers may decide where and when necessary make a change to their position. 6. Recommendations As a new brand planning to enter into a specific market, it is an effective way of getting a related perceptual mapping to analyse the target market. It is also critical to position the brand in a reasonable way. Usually it is a wise choice for a new brand to start from the market with less competitors. Sometimes companies that are located in similar position in conceptual map might not competitors. Mount Franklin set a good example of positioning brands with social connection. 7. References David J. and John F. 2009, Foundations of marketing, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill higher Education,5: 120-122 Dong J. K., Woo G. K. and Jin S. H., A perceptual mapping mapping of online travel agencies and preference attributes. Tourist Management 28 (2007) 591-603 Liz H. and Terry O.2004, Foundation marketing, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall,6:167-169 Australia’s First Bottled Water Brand 2012, Mount Franklin, viewed 3 April 2014, http://mountfranklinwater.com.au/our-story/ Australian-bottled-water-market-led-by-Coca-Cola-s-Mount-Franklin, viewed 3 April,2014, http://www.companiesandmarkets.com/News/Food-and-Drink/Australian-bottled-water-market-led-by-Coca-Cola-s-Mount-Franklin/NI8553 Mount Franklin, Drink Positive, Think Positive, viewed 3 April 2014, http://prezi.com/yjdi190hvzko/copy-of-copy-of-copy-of-mount-franklin/

Legitimacy Crisis Essay

I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own. 2. I have used the â€Å"Harvard† convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and quotation in, this essay/report/project from the work(s) of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. 3. This essay/report/project is my own work. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. Signature: Jvanrooyn Word Count: 308 excluding in-text citations Jihad Van Rooyen. Introduction to Politics, Tutorial Group #11 12 March 2014 Assignment #3 Legitimacy Crisis Revolutions result in a ubiquitous change in society. This essay ascertains themes throwing legitimacy into crisis through an evaluation of the sources of the French, Russian and Iranian revolutions. As stipulated by Max Weber in his legitimacy crisis ideals, society functions on a moral relationship between the ruler and the ruled (Hague, Harrop & Breslin, 1992:19). Non-acceptance by the ruled would result in a regime losing its legitimacy and pave way for a political break-down. This is emphasized by John Locke in the Social Contract, where he deemed that society has no moral obligation to the regime when the contract is breached (Spragens, 1997:34). Thus, legitimacy certifies political stability and must be lost before any revolution can transpire. The French Revolution was based on the constitutional and monetary crises, which lead to instability. Thus through the failure of the regime to meet demands, legitimacy was lost and a secular revolution followed (Hague, Harrop & Breslin, 1992:72). Relative deprivation was an immediate by-factor, clearly evident through the revolts against the structural conditions, which ultimately abolished absolute monarchy in France (Hague, Harrop & Breslin, 1992:74). Similarly to the French revolution, the Russian overthrowing of the old political system proved easier than consolidating power (Hague, Harrop & Breslin, 1992:79), especially after both revolutions were influenced by the regime’s spending on warfare. Both revolutions involved peasants uprising, owing to hunger, poverty and social inequality. The Tsar was not able to meet the demands of the citizens and in so doing lost credibility. In contrast, Iran’s old regime had not been ravaged by warfare nor had it suffered monetary failure, prior to its revolution (Hague, Harrop & Breslin, 1992:79). The revolution was a religious affair against the regime. Like the previous two revolutions, expectations amongst the people were not met by the regime. In conclusion, when a regime doesn’t fulfill its moral obligation to the people or if they do not meet the expectation of the citizens, relative deprivation could occur which could ultimately result in illegitimacy and a revolution.

House On Mango Street Essays (269 words) - Free Essays, Term Papers

House On Mango Street Essays (269 words) - Free Essays, Term Papers House On Mango Street Close Reading Darius & the Clouds Page 33-34 In the chapter Darius & the Clouds Sandra Cineros uses descriptive language and metaphors to engage the reader in the story. In this chapter the general theme of freedom is also exhibited when the author talks about Darius and also talks about the sky. The sky in this chapter represents the theme of freedom. The sky is used as a metaphor to describe freedom and how there are no boundaries and there is no limit. You can also not have enough freedom and never get sick of having freedom. This is shown in the first paragraph where it says, You can never have too much sky. You can fall asleep and wake up drunk on sky, and sky can keep you safe when you are sad. Another theme that is portrayed in this chapter is the theme of sadness and emptiness. Throughout the story all of the characters have something that they wish they had more of and for many of the characters, especially the women, what they want is freedom. This theme is used as a metaphor similar to how sky was used. It said, Here there is too much sadness and not enough sky. Butterflies too are few and so are flowers and most things that are beautiful. This shows that all of the characters wish that they had a little more in their lives. Throughout this chapter Sandra Cisneros uses different metaphors and common themes to keep the reader interested. The sky witch represents freedom is one of these common themes that are used.

Guide on Writing a Research Paper Outline

Guide on Writing a Research Paper Outline Guide on Writing a Research Paper Outline A research paper is one of the most difficult assignments both at high school and college, so you need to be ready to face various challenges along the way. This type of a paper requires your full attention and time devotion, as you need to use various scientific tools, mathematical methods, statistics and other instruments to back your ideas and put your thoughts on the paper. That is why creating an outline is a crucial part of any research paper and requires a thoughtful approach. It is a sort of a skeleton of your paper, as it will greatly help you to remember all the things you wanted to include to your work. In addition, you will be more relaxed after dividing your work into smaller parts and will be able to concentrate on different questions every day. An outline will always be helpful in meeting the deadlines, as you will have a clear picture of how many sections you still need to complete by a certain date and won’t have to worry about missing anything! Useful tips on a proper outline structure It doesn’t matter whether you need to complete an outline on a Medieval history or on a space invasion: your outline structure will remain the same. This means that you won’t have to puzzle over a proper structure depending on the subject and after remembering all the details, you will always be able to complete an outline without any difficulties. Any outline consists of three main parts: Introduction; Body of the paper; Conclusions. However, you shouldn’t think that it is as easy, as A-B-C, because every of these parts contains a huge volume of information and it should be arranged in a proper way. Your introduction section can be called a business card of your whole work, so you need to be very thoughtful and attentive, when completing it.   After reading your introduction, the reader will make up his mind whether to go on reading. That is why your main aim is to catch interest of the audience and provide it with such details, as the thesis statement, main information, specific terms and additional details on the subject. The body of your whole work is the biggest section of the whole paper, which requires a lot of time and attention to the details. Don’t forget to include various paragraphs to emphasize different topics. This section should also include methodology, which explains the research you have conducted, the methods you have used and the questions you have answered. Remember to write down the main goals of your research (which should also be included to your introduction section). Every research paper is based on a serious analysis of different sources and materials, so you should remember to add a list of used sources. Don’t forget to quote the literature to support your research and try to show that you have mastered various tools of looking for a necessary information. However, include only relevant and academic sources, avoiding forums and social media pages. After you have written the methodology and literature sections, you need to remember to add data and analysis information. Here you need to describe the results of your research and any other details, which you have obtained throughout the assignment. The best way to complete this section is to use graphs and tables for a clearer understanding of the topic. Close this part with the main advantages and disadvantages of the research. When the body section is completed, it is time to write down the conclusions. Here you don’t need to provide new details and simply should summarize everything you have written about in your research paper. Include a thesis statement to your conclusions and try to make predictions for the future, providing fresh ideas on the topic. Useful advice One of the best parts of any research paper is the fact that most of the times you can choose a topic on your own. In such a way, you will always stay motivated and write on the things that really matter. For example, you can complete a research on an artificial intelligence, rain forests or modern trends and give a fresh look on any topic. Not depending on the topic you choose, your outline will look like a list of the main ideas you want to include to your research paper. It should be short and contain all the key words to let you remember the question and your main ideas on the topic. After finishing a certain paragraph, just cross it out and you will never be confused what to write about! Research paper outline examples Thesis: Is modern educational system ready to give students all the social skills for their adult lives? Introduction to the topic, thesis statement; Methodology; Overview of the literature you have used in your research; Importance of the topic and its influence on the society. The main body should contain: Information on the background of your issue History of the development of US educational system; Modern educational approaches in various states. Positive aspects of the topic: Remembering that education is affordable and accessible for each and every one; Mentioning that modern educational system is able to cope with the most difficult problems, becoming a second home for many students; Schools become bridges of communication and interaction for a healthy social life in future. Negative aspects of school’s impact on the personality: Main problems students have to face, including bullying, discrimination and so on; A high level of competition, which often leads to problems between students, low self-esteem or even suicides. Final thoughts should consist of your conclusions and final words on the topic. Conclusions should contain analysis of all the information and repetition of your thesis statement. Final words need to provide your recommendations for the future and the way your research can be applied on practice. Thesis:   Birth control: pros and cons. Your outline should consist of the following sections: Introduction to the topic; A list of medical or any other specific terms and their description for the readers to be able to understand your research; Theoretical background of your paper; Methodology and tools used throughout the paper; Thesis statement; Literature overview; Relevance of the topic, its importance for the society. The main body should contain: Information on the background of your issue: A historical background of birth control, main aspects and issues across the world; Position of various institutions on the subject, including government, church and others; Information on the tools and methods that are used to control birth in the US. Alternative methods; Advantages and disadvantages of birth control. Final section should consist of: Conclusions with a brief analysis of all the obtained information on the subject and rewritten thesis statement; Final thoughts on the problem. Here you need to make a prognosis for the future and describe how your research paper can influence the matter.

Role of Higher Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role of Higher Education - Research Paper Example The role of higher education in changing our cultures and integration can be addressed in different perspectives. Globalization is the description of the new changes, ideas and developments that are coming up to change and improve peoples’ cultures, politics, businesses and generally the way of life. It is under globalization that the society is able to utilize the global trends and take advantage of the new ideas, to plan for the future. With the emerging competition due to globalization, higher education institutions are introducing topics to help students be in line with the developing world. Societies that invent or create new products and business ideas are considered to be responsible for the future development and well being. In that case, colleges and universities are required and faced with the demand for spreading knowledge and creating entrepreneurial skills to the students and potential business merchants. It has become essential for universities to develop cultures that are beneficial to the market trends, a demand that has also led to competition among universities. This creates a very competitive environment, with each institution striving to find unique and quality skills. All higher education institutions have a vision. It is in every culture of every society to have a vision, for the present and future generations. All the great and international universities let the world know their future plans, or vision, especially about what they intend to develop for the benefit of the society. The higher education institutions have the role of preparing and enlightening the society and their students, about the opportunities, changes and effects that come as a result of globalization. Universities and colleges also have the role of providing the market with knowledge and the workers to serve and develop the world. Transformation involves developing from the ancients or past ways of doing things and from

SRD Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SRD - Assignment Example While a resume website provides me with the potential of targeting any web user, the website targets potential employees. In particular, my resume website targets employers in the business sector since my competencies are suited to this specific job environment. The resume website will provide me with the creative freedom that I need to express my personality, which is not possible through the conventional resume. In this case, I will ensure that every detail of the website from my bio to the design option I select says something about me and communicates my personality to potential employees. Besides, every detail of the website will pass the message that I take my career seriously. The different categories of information will start with the homepage. On this category, I will provide my extended professional summary. The other category will include the resume category, which will communicate the specifics of my resume with different subcategories such as my work experience, education qualifications, and skills. The website will also inform the target audience of the different ways in which they could connect with me either via a social networking site or through email. First, the resume website communicates my competencies and background to potential employees. Besides, it provides a record of accomplishment of my life, and the activities that I have engaged in that would help me fit in the job market and help an organization achieve its objectives. The resume website will also control my branding. While a resume presents an excellent opportunity to present my experiences, it fails to provide an opportunity for presenting a future that I would want hiring managers to see. Therefore, the resume website will present me as a brand, and not just presenting me as who I was, but whom I envisage on becoming. The website resume will also include my philosophy on life.

Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Operation Management - Essay Example The utilization of capacity management ideology in running a restaurant enables managers to make accurate decisions regarding staffing and procedures to enhance profit gaining and improve the guest experience in the restaurant or hotel. The paper aims to espouse on the overall concept of operation management and describes the operational management activities utilized to realize success, in terms of capacity management in hospitality in this particular hotel. The paper extensively tackles the general aspect of the operation management in conjunction with the tactics and application requirements needed in the establishment of an affiliation on the grounds of adept hospitality and capacity management. Operation Management Operation Management is a tremendously important facet in the business world today (Greasley 2008). All organizations in the world, regardless of their types produce an assortment of products and services. All corporations depend on operation management, as it is an i mportant asset in improving the efficacy of the affiliation and delivery of quality customer service. An influential business skill determines business changes like in customer preferences, internet technology-based supply networks and details of work. In order for all the other branches of a company to work hand in hand, operation managers should unite and toil together. A more accurate definition of operation management perhaps is that, it is part of businesses and companies, which deals with organizing and controlling the company’s assets to guarantee victorious delivery of the products and services. ... In this case study, we look into the strategies and tactics used to manage capacity in a hospitality operation of Hotel du Vin Birmingham UK. The main purpose of operations management is to alter the inputs of a corporation into the services or products that are saleable. Inputs are such things as employees or workforce of the company, the amenities and practices, including the information, technology and materials. At a manufacturing plant, the conversion process is the process of physically converting unprocessed materials into ready to use merchandise, for instance, changing skin and rubber into sneakers, or plastic into toys. With airlines, the procedure is utterly different. It is, in this case, the successful relocation of people from a certain position to another. At a hotel, it is the housekeeping and offering of specialized service in rooms, with new linen, excellent cuisine and the output is happy customers who then pay up (Bettley, Mayle and Tantoush 2005). At a hospital, the efforts and outputs are also different. The input could be doctors getting organized, medical attention, and offering of drugs to convert the patients into strong individuals. Hotels select a dissimilar approach in their pursuit for affluence. They use a control tool known as, yield management (Karlsson 2008). Organizations majorly employ this technique to effectively exploit the utilization of the accessible capacity and seek monetary affluence. Yield management is not a new conception. Other corporations like airlines employed this notion before its implementation by hotels (Wild 2002). Most hotels carry out different forms of yield management, for instance, they could

Achieving Universal Primary Education

Achieving Universal Primary Education In 1998, the then government of Pakistan, accorded full recognition to the fundamental responsibility of restructuring of education system of Pakistan, by announcing the National education policy on 27th March 1998. The National Education Policy 1998 was devised with a sight to transform the Pakistani nation into an integrated, cohesive entity that can stand up and compete against future challenges by setting one of the main objectives of achieving universal primary education by providing the maximum opportunities for free access to every child. In 2000, world leaders from 189 nations voted to implement the MDGs.Pakistan was also one of them. This declaration set eight goals to achieve the unanimous vote to instill the Millennium Declaration may suggest that the political will to accomplish these targets is promising. The achievement of universal primary education was second goal set after eradicating poverty.The target set under this goal was that by 2015 universally children will b e able to complete full course of primary schooling.The indicators to achieve this target were completion/survival rate , net enrollment ratio and literacy rate of 15-24 years old men and women. However, critics of the MDGs are not sure about the likelihood of every nation attaining universal education by 2015. The critics of the MDGs suggest that greater focus should be placed on the overall progress rather than the final outcome as the evidence implies that the educational MDGs are not likely to be achieved in most countries. By concentrating primarily on the rates of progress over time, (Sahn, 2003) claim the results will be more beneficial in providing encouragement to countries, as failure to achieve the goals is not synonymous with failure to achieve social progress. So, greater attention should be placed on rates of progress towards completing these goals rather than the final outcome. As failing to achieve these goals by 2015 does not indicate a lack of improvement in Pakistan, it is more appropriate for policy analysts to focus on rates of progress. Since Pakistan has signed Millennium development declaration, it is facing major problems like war on terror, political instability, and earthquakes 2004 and floods 2009-10 which hindered its progress towards these goals. There are so many other factors that are obstructing Pakistan in achieving its millennium development educational goals. 2.2 Factors that affect the achievement of millennium development goals of primary education in Pakistan in light of previous researchers and critics. As this paper intends to provide the reasons for critical lag and gap in achieving primary educational millennium developments goals in Pakistan and how these goals may be achieved, I chose to focus on factors which are common and have greater influence on educational progress and aspects that government and other educational authorities in Pakistan can have a direct influence over through policy change. For the purposes of this research, the model that signifies the determinants of educational progress are completion survival rate, female teachers as percentage of total primary teachers, population aged between 0-14 as percentage of total population , poverty rate and literacy rate gap.But other variables that are considered and have an impact are net enrolment ratio, rural population, pupil-teacher ratio, public expenditure, gender parity index, and non-formal education (deeni madrassas), low birth weight babies. The debate that whether educational progress is more affected by personal back ground of students ( that includes rural population, poverty rate, public expenditure , gender parity index) or school quality factors ( that are pupil teacher ratio, trained teachers ,female teachers and non formal education) has been ongoing since the Coleman Report (Coleman et al. 1966). Coleman et al. (1966) found that family background of students, that is their parents socioeconomic status, parents education and occupations are more indicative of students educational progress than school-level factors. Since the publication of the Coleman Report, researchers have continued to examine and debate whether quality of education or home environment determines students academic achievements. Especially in regard to how national economic development affects which factors are more important on a global scale, policy makers continue to look for which factors may best explain educational progress. In this resea rch, I intend to observe whether economic or educational investment factors best explain progress towards the educational MDGs in Pakistan. In order to determine how Pakistan can use its resources most efficiently, I have used statistical data for different variables covered under socio economic status of students and educational quality and their effect to reduce literacy gap. Though 70% of population in Pakistan is still living in rural areas. But growth in rural areas is moving towards down and literacy rate is improving so we can see that social background of people has high impact on educational progress. (DR .P.A.Shami, 2005) in their study on basic education in Pakistan raised issues like lack of access to quality education in rural areas and unequal distribution of educational resources in rural and urban areas. These issues still prevail in society as a hindrance to achievement of MDGs for education. The Pakistan has The average literacy rate of Pakistan is 57 per cent with combination of 69 per cent for males and 45 per cent for females.The literacy rate in urban areas remains much higher than in rural parts of the country , 74 per cent and 48 per cent respectively The average provinicial literacy rate follows as Punjab and Sindh 59 per cent, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (50 per cent) and Balochistan (45 per cent) (Pakistan Economic Survey, 2009-2010). As I have taken population aged between (0-14) as percentage of total population as one of my variables and more than half of population in Pakistan lives in rural areas so it ultimately effects my determinant. As past research indicates that the effects of educational investment factors or school quality factors which include total educational expenditures and number of trained teachers for the universal enrolment MDG, pupil-teacher ratio and repetition rate for the universal completion MDG, and pupil-teacher ratios and number of female instructors for the gender parity goal may vary depending on the economic status of a nation (Heyneman Loxley, 1983). The educational investment factors are most indicative of educational progress in the worlds poorest countries, where as economic growth characteristics will best explain the progress of lower-middle income countries towards the educational MDGs. Economic growth may be viewed as more significant at the national level in lower-middle income nations because these countries are closer to being seen as legitimate economic partners by industrialized nations than low income nations. Alternatively, educational investment factors will likely be mor e significant in low income nations because improvements in these in these countries are more immediately perceived at the individual level than changes in national economic growth. (Gupta et al, 2002) found in his research that economic growth has been major determinant of educational progress. This is in line with my determinant of poverty rate. As economic growth of country directly links to the welfare of its citizens. The growth in economy can lead to educational growth if net enrollment rates do not rise at much faster rates than GNP per capita is recognized by Colclough Al-Samarrai (2000) in his research. This finding suggests as more children reach the school going age, fewer public resources will be available to allocate to a nations educational system. Thus economic growth is linked to greater funding on education as more resources are available to spend on education. This trend may occur for several reasons. First, as the economy of nation develops more spending is done on education, even though the total proportion of the GNP spent on education decreases (Coclough Al-Samarrai, 2000) and secondly, increasing rates of economic growth signify a higher quality of living for a nations citizens. As financial resources become more readily available at the individual level, the perceived costs of education may not be as great. Increasing employment rates may enhance citizens opinions towards education because prolonged unemployment can lead to disinterest in investing in further schooling (World Bank;2010). However (Mellinium developemnt goals, 2010) shows budgetary allocations are not sufficient enough to implement the desired projects to achieve universal primary education by 2015. Budget for education still remains at about 2% of GDP, out of which major amount is spent on administrative issues like salaries, leaving very minimal amount to spend on new initiatives. (Pakistan Economic Survey, 2009-2010) In South Asia, Pakistan falls in one of those countries who contribute lowest public expenditure on education , as a proportion of their GDP. According to figures, Pakistan allocated to the education sector 2.5 % of the GDP in 2006-07, 2.47% in 2007-08, 2.1% in 2008-09 and 2 % in 2009-10. This factor also directly affect the poverty rate.As if public expenditure is increased , there will be more cheaper education facilities thus making poor people accessible to basic education. A study by Qureshi and Arif (2001) conducted on the Profile of Poverty in Pakistan demonstrates that poverty has been increasing drastically throughout the decade starting 1990s. More rural household were dragged to poverty and approximately a quarter of the urban households were also living below the poverty line by the end of 1998-99. They conclude by shedding light on the fact that acquisition of education is one of the most significant determinants of the incidence of poverty. It is imperative that education should be taken into account during policy formulation and implementation. A very important idea has been put forward in the article which states that education can have a positive impact of poverty alleviation strategies. The acquisition of an individual will have a positive effect on his or her earnings and productivity and furthermore also impact any individual that interacts with the educated. (Qureshi and Arif, 2001). I have taken the literacy rate gap (target-actual) as my dependant variable for this study as it is inversly proportional to maximum achievement of primary education and studied the effect of other independent variables on education. Despite the general assumption that more funding in education leads to achieve higher degree of educational attainment and enrolment, previous researches on the impact of public spending on education for improving educational progress is same. Gallagher (1993) claims in his work that while educational expenditures positively affect enrolment rates, further attention is needed to assess the quality of how public expenditures are spent in education. The total public education expenditures may not be the most accurate determinant of observing how a government is financially supporting its educational system, but other research indicates that educational funding at the national level can vary significantly. Colclough Al-Samarrai (2000) mentioned in his rese arch that South Asian countries spend a higher proportion of their total GNP on education and subsequently have higher enrollment rates. As total educational expenditures vary significantly based on certain national characteristics, more research is needed to determine how influential a nations total financial support for education is on enrolment rates. For instance, the school-aged population in Sub-Saharan Africa is proportionately larger than the school-aged population in South Asia (Colclough Al-Samarrai, 2000) indicating that total education expenditures would need to be greater in these countries to allow for funding to be similarly allocated. Additionally, in terms of educational funding, the majority of finances are spent on teacher salaries and other administrative works (MDG Report, 2004 MDG, Report 2010) ,Dr PA Shami Development of education in Pakistan (2005).Though public expenditure on education is taken as variable in my regression model but it ultimately effects t wo of my variables completion rate and female teachers.As if there will more public expenditures on education it will provide more resources and facilities to education sectors thus making education more easily achievable ending up in students successfully completing their primary education.Similarly it can increase number of female teachers in education sector by giving them good pay incentives. A nation with a higher school-aged population will likely have greater pupil-teacher ratios which in turn may lead to a lower quality education. Pupil-teacher ratio is a significant determinant for its potential effects on educational progress, specifically in terms of school completion rates, though researchers are in agreement about its significance. Dr PA Shami in his paper Access and Equity in Basic education also raised this issue that in Pakistan the very high pupil teacher ratio in most of schools especially rural areas has worse effects on its educational progress. As teachers cannot accommodate to give attention to a class of 40 to 50 students so it aversely affects the progress. The amount of time a teacher can commit to each student is reduced by large class sizes, but the gender of the teacher may also affect how likely girls are to obtain an education. In many places like Baluchistan, Sindh and Pakhtunistan parental attitude towards girls education is very conservative. This situation is more intense in rural areas which cover more than 70-80% of total population in Pakistan. In rural areas due to poor quality of life and less exposure and awareness and illiterate parents both socially and academically, long distant schools and lack of female teachers, children are not sent to schools and especially girls.(Dr P A Shami Access and equity in basic education 2005) MDG Report 2010. Consequently, girls may need for female teachers to be present in order to decide that obtaining an education is worthwhile. Additionally, as girls tend to receive less attention from instructors than boys, a lack of female instructors can reduce the amount of learning time for girls (Benavot Gad, 2004), thus reducing the likelihood of girls attaining an education. In addition to affecting the gender parity ratio, the presence of women in the educational system may influence enrolment and completion rates. The higher participation of women in the workforce is often viewed as indicative of a nation becoming modern; more women in the educational system may lead to higher enrolment and completion rates. Female teachers in schools tend to have higher levels of certification than their male counterparts. Consequently, literacy rate gap will be lower in areas with a higher percentage of female teachers because the female teachers are more qualified, easy going and trustworthy to teach. (DR .P.A.Shami, 2005)in their study point out insufficient and imbalanced educational infrastructure, high poverty rate, incompetent, untrained and non availability of teachers, illiteracy of parents and economically weak families give rise to low completion/survival rate of primary education , which ultimately negatively effect literacy rate gap. These factors are also seen in (Mellinium developemnt goals, 2010). Completion survival rate is taken in my research as independent variables to assess its impact on literacy rate gap which ultimately targets achievement of Millennium-Development-Goals for primary education in Pakistan. (Mellinium development goals, 2010)raised issue of net enrollment ratio and completion/ survival rate that has also mentioned by (DR .P.A.Shami, 2005).Though net enrolment ratio has increased in primary education to 57% in 2009 from 42 % in 2002 but we are still lagging behind a lot to catch 100% by 2015. And the children who manage to complete their primary school that is to complete studies from grade 1 to grade 5 is only 54.6% in 2009 which has been decreased from 57.3% in 2002. 2.3 Discussion of various projects and programmes running in Pakistan to achieve MDGs for primary education According to Pakistan Millennium-Development-Goals Report (Mellinium development goals, 2004) by the GoP (Government of Pakistan), a fair assessment of the status and trends relating to Goal 2 is difficult owing to a number of reasons.MDG Report 2005 highlighted that major discrepancies arise due to data collection by different methods, the use of different definitions of variables, and the time lag between data collection and publication. MDG Report 2004 states that discrepancies are sometimes significant, for example, between the National Education Management Information System (NEMIS) and the Pakistan Integrated Household Survey (PIHS). There is greater consistency, however, in the rates of change implied by these sources as indicated in (MDG Report 2005 pakistan world fit for children report , 1989).The programs and projects introduced to achieve the MDGs are run by different organizations and NGOs. The programs and projects running at provincial level are independent and have n o interference from federal government. Therefore monitoring and evaluation of these programs is difficult at federal level making the analysis of such interventions are more complicated for researchers and policy makers. An education sector reforms (ESR) specific programme was provided Rs732 million which was spent on the provision of missing facilities in primary and middle schools, restoring and reestablisihing of science education at secondary level and establishment of polytechnic institute at district level (Balochistan, Khanozi,Turbat Gilgit).The national education foundation intends to establish community schools in the country at the places where primary school are not available within a reachable distance and skill based literacy centers. Rs 1 billion were expanded under Canadian Debt Swap Project for capacity building of teachers training institution and training of teachers. Child Friendly School model (CFS), which is a framework for all children to enroll in schools and learn effectively has been expanded in the country to over 2700 schools. (Pakistan Millenim development goals report, 2010) .In time of natural disasters like earthquakes and floods UNICEF provides help to organize mass b ack-to-school campaign, being to resume quality education activities, encouraged to rebuilt schools and infrastructure, aided to improve, speedup and adapt learning strategies for children who have missed schooling, female education and generating public support to raise awareness about importance of education. Further it provides help to schools, providing with safe water and sanitation. (Goal: Achieve universal Primary eduction). Schools are also trying to decrease the dropout rate of students which is about 50% at the moment by engaging children in co-curriculum activities, such as sports and other play activities to develop their interest in schools and increase the retention rate at school. 2.4 Analysis of gaps and lags The achievement of MDGs so far is not remarkable and the reasons other than one described above are also earthquakes in 2004, war on terror and recent massive destruction in floods 2010. Pakistan has currently net enrolment ratio less than 80%, which is unlikely to reach 95% by 2015.Net primary enrolment ratio was 52% in 2004-5 rose to 56% in 2006-7 and then 57% in 2008-9.There are significant variations in NER among the four provinces .The NER is highest in Punjab with a slight improvement in other provinces by 1%.Gender disparity in NER is reduced. Especially in Pakhtunkhwa it has improved by 4% in last few years. Trend towards private schooling is increasing in urban as well as rural areas, with primary enrolment increased from 18% to 20% in the later. There has been significant decline in completion/survival rate to grade during the last five years. The rate decreased from72.1 to 54.7 to 52.3 to 54.6 in 2005-6 to 2006-7 to 2007-8 to 2008-9 respectively.But it has been improved dr astically in 2010 reaching to 69.9%. One of the main reasons of escalating this rate may be shift in the number of students from public to private schools due to unavailability of teachers, better infrastructure and standard quality of tuition in public schools. Data of the public school does not show whether students have left school or gone to private schools. In the last ten years there is overall improvement in literacy rate with respect to individual sectors of male, female, urban and rural areas. Though there is increase of 3% points in urban areas and 1% point in rural areas. Literacy rate is higher in urban areas 74% compared to 48% in rural areas in 2008-9.The individual provincial literacy rates are as follows: Punjab Sindh 59%, Khyber- 50%, Baluchistan 45%.The literacy rate 2008-9 is higher among men 69% compared to women 45% which is increased from 66% and 43% in 2006-7 respectively. (Mellinium developemnt goals, 2010 (Australian Aid Programme to Pakistan, 2010). Social status between men and women, contraceptive use, fertility rates decline, the relationship between child and maternal mortality is a good established. The most powerful donors reduction of child mortality is the mother of a literacy, which in itself is an education system to ensure that his pioneering development of the book as a free universal access to education for the poor, including girls and boys.There should be emphasis on education among these women, social status and overall health of children and pregnant women, he made two basic features that make life meaningful and free possible.The social status of women through education, enjoyment and economic relationship between education and health opportunities is, therefore, is to achieve the Millennium-Development-Goals and to ensure that the basic premise of sustainable development. It is obvious that Pakistan lagged behind in this respect the pain behind. In general, Pakistan faces multiple and interrelated problems, with a view to achieving the Millennium-Development-Goals call. Some of these issues relate directly to health care, while others refer to economic,social and cultural. Nevertheless, macro-political environment is also a source of problems. Pakistan history suspicious of democracy. The country was under an actual or de facto military regime, history and deprived the majority of people the fundamental freedoms. There is no sense of democracy, promotion of civic awareness, a strong sense of human rights and freedoms will be difficult if not impossible, to achieve the Millennium-Development-Goals in Pakistan.